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DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY |
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Courses of 4th year B. Sc. in Biochemistry |
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| Back to Syllabus Index | ||
| Biochem 401 Cell Physiology 1 Unit | ||
| The
cytoskeletion Muscle contraction, cilliary movement, general features of microtubules and actin filaments as dynamic assemblies, microtubule organizing c enters and microtubule associated proteins, actin filaments and action binding proteins in nonmuscle cells, intermediate filaments, organization of the cytoskeleton. Cell growth and cell division Control of cell division, tumor viruses as tools fo rstudying the control of the cell cycle events in the S phase, the logic of the cycle, cell division. Cell-cell adhesion The extracellular matrix, intercellular recognition nad cell adhesion, cell junctions, the extracellular matrix. Chemical signaling between cells Three different strategies of chemical signalling, local chemical mediators, hormones and neurotransmitter, signalling mediated by intracellular receptors; mechanism of steroid hormone action, signalling mediated by cell surface receptors, cyclic AMP and calcium ions as second messengers, involvement of G-proteins in signal transduction, target cell adaptation. Germ cells and fertilization The benefits of sex, meiosis, gametes, and fertilization. Cellular mechanisms of development Cleavage and blastula formulation, gaztrulation, neurolation and somite formatio, early steps in pattern formation; Determination and differentiation, patterns in space, positional information limb development, inductive interactions in the development of epithelia. Differentiated cells and the maintenance of tissues Maintenance of the differentiated state, tissues with permanent cells, renewal by simple duplication, renewal by stem cells, epidermis. renewal by pluripotent stem cells, blood cell formation, quiescent stem cells, skeletal muscle, soft cells and tough martix, growth turnover, repair of skeletal connective tissue, territorial stability in the adult body. Back to top |
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| Biochem 402 Moleclar Biology and Genetic Engineering 1 Unit | ||
| Ribosome Structure and function of eucaryotic ribosome : locationof functional sites in the ribosome, protein-tRNA interaction, protein RNA interaction assembly map, genetics of ribosomal RNA, and regulation of the synthesis of ribosome. Packaging of DNA genomes and chromosomes, organisation of nucleosome in chromatin constitution of the eucaryotic genome, organisation of interruptee genes, structural gene families, genomes of organelles. Gene expression In eucaryotic system; organization of eucaryotic DNA, their promoters and control elements, enhancers, regulation by gene rearrangement (alternative splicing); role of chromatin structure in gene statement. Gene Manipulation Cloning in yeast and animai cells, genomic library building, cDNA cloning, screening, cloning for statement, commercial and medical applications, recombinat DNA technology (DNA fingerprinting, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, PCR), protein engineering. Gene evolution, mobile elements, retrosposons, transposons, insertional elements. Developmental Genetics (Drsophilia and Xenophus as model). Cytogenetics Chromosome structure, division and behavior, chromosome changes in structure and number, sex determination and sex linkage gene interaction, quantitative characters, multiple alleles. Back to top |
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| Biochem 403 Immunology 1 Unit | ||
| Development
of the immune system myeloid cells, lymphoid cells, development of memory B cells. Cytokines functions of cytokines in immune system, cytokine receptors and antagonists. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) production of inbred mouse strains, arrangement of H2 and HLA complexes, genetic map, tissue typing. Transplantation and rejection. Activation of T and B cells T cell antigen receptors, antigen recognition, processing, and presentation, cell cooperation in the antibody response, role of cytokines in B and T cells activation, cell-mediated immune responses. Immunoglobulin (lg) genetics lg gene structury, mechanism and regulation of lg gene assembly, generationof the antibody diversity, lg gene statement, regulation of lg gene assebly, class switching. Regulation of the immune response Regulation by antigen, antibody, immune complexes, and lymphocytes, idiotype modulationof esponses, genetic control of the immune response, MHC- linked immune response, non-MHC linked immune response. Immunological tolerance routes of tolerance, T and B cells tolerance to self antigens, artificially induced tolerance, therapeutic applications of tolerance. Immunological techniques isolation of pure antibodies using affinity chromatography, monoclonal antibody production, application of monolonal antibodies, assays for complement, isolation of lymphocyte populations and subpopuations, effector cell assays. Tumour immunology immune surveillance tumour antigens, tumour associaated antigens, immune response to human tumours, immune escape mechanisms, immunodiagnosis, immunotherapy. Back to top Immunization, vaccination and immune manipulation. Hypersensitivity different types of hypersensitivity reactions. a. Type I-Immediate hypersensitivity : induction and effector mechanisms in Type I hypersensitivity, atopy, igE levels in disease, control of lgE production (early studies, recent studies), genetic control of lgE in mice, genetics of the allergic response in man. Mast cells, mast cell triggering, immunopathology of allergic disorders, factors involved in the development of allergy, allergic breakthrough, hyposensitization. b. Type II- Antibody dependent cytotoxicity: mechanism of damage, reactions against blood cells and platelets, haemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, hyperacute graft rejection. c. Type III Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity : types of immune-complex disease, inflammatory mechanisms in type III hypersensitivity, experimental models of immunecomplex disease, persistence of complexes, deposition of complexes in tissues, detection of immune complexes. d. Type IV-Delayed hypersensitivity : contact hypersensitivity, tuberculin-type hypersensitivity, granulomatous hypersensitivity, cellular reactions in delayed hypersensitivity, diseases mainfesting delayed hypersensitivity. Autoimmunity and autoimmune disease Spectrum of autoimmune diseases, genetics, pathogenesis, aetiology, control mechanisms, diagnostic and prognostic aspects, treatment. Immunodeficiency B cell deficiencies, T cell deficiencies, schematic diagram of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), life cycle of HIV, secondary immunodeficiency diseases, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, defects in complement proteins, defects in phagocytosis, leucocyte adhesion deficiency . Back to top |
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| Biochem 404 Plant Biotechnology ˝ Unit | ||
| Introduction
to in vitro culture of plants, application for breeding e.g. homozygosity via anther
culture, disease free plants, protoplasm culture and fusion. micropropagation, storage of
germplasm (cryopreservation), plant tissue culture as basis for genetic engineering of
plants, molecular biological tools for assessment of tissues. Plant genetic transformation gene transfer methods and their evaluatin e.g. biolistics, direct DNA delivery and agrobacterium-mediated transformation of dicots and monocots, criteria for assessment of transformation, segregation rations for transformaed phenotype. Plant vectors for DNA transformation, statement vectors, binary vectors. Suitable promoters for transgenic plants (constitutive and tissue specific statement). Promoters effective for dicots and for monocots, reporter genes GUS, CAT and LUC genes, selectable markers e.g. kan, Hyg, Bialaophos, transite and stable statement of transformed genes. Back to top |
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| Biochem 405 Industrial Biotechnology ˝ Unit | ||
| animal cell culture embryo transfer gene transplantation characteristics of cells in culture, culture design and techniques, application of animal cell culture to introduce a particular trait into an animal. Fermentation technology Fermenter design and operation, aeration-agitation, temperature-pH control, product extraction, typical industrial fermentation, alcohol, acid and antibiotic production, microbial toxins and insecticides. Biodegradation Agroindustrial wates recycling, hydrocarbon and aromatic transformations, methanotrophic and methanogenic ways of life. Immobilized cells and enzymes immobilized enzymes, processes of immobilization, bioreactor design, applications of immobilized enzymes and whole cells. Food technology food analysis, food processing, food preservation and fermented food. Back to top |
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| Biochem 406 Chemistry of Natural Products ˝ Unit | ||
| Techniques IR, UV, NMR and Mass spectroscopy : very brief theoretical treatment, and the applicationof these techniques in struture determination of natural products. Alkaloids sources, classification, isolation, purification and structure determination, medicinal importance. Antibioties source, isolatin and structure determination. Steroids isolation, purification, structure determination, use of steroid in oral contraceptives. Back to top |
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| Biochem 407 Neurochemistry ˝ Unit | ||
| Structural
and chemical specialities of the brain. Gross and fine structure of the brain. Synapse Structure and chemistry. Nerve impulse action potential, its ionic basis, sodium channel. Conduction of nerve impulse. Neurotransmission neurotransmitters, their metabolism, storage and release, calcium channel, postsynapitc receptors their modulation with agonists and antagonists, neuropeptides. Brain growth and development species, structural and cell type differences, neurogenesis and gliogenesis, neuronal death and nevous system development. Myelination Myelin composition and maturation. Metabolism of the developing brain Brain development during malnutrition. Maluntrition and brain metabolism. Brain diseases Parkinson’s, Wilson’s, Huntington’s chorea, Alzheimer’s disease. Biochemistry of memory. Back to top |
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| Biochem 408 Virology & Oncology1 UnitVirology | ||
| a. Virology Major groups of
viruses |
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| Biochem 409 Human Nutrition 1 Unit | ||
| Components
of an adequate diet carbohydrate, fat, protein, vitamins and minerals indiet, interrelationship between fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism. Role of carbohydrates in human nutrition different forms of starch in food, their changes during food processing and cooking. Role of proteins in human nutrition essential amino acids, limiting amino acids, mutual supplementation, protein quality and its evaluation, protein requirement. Fats and oils in humand nutrition saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in health, essential fatty acids. Vitamins fat-soluble and water soluble vitamins, coenzyme activities of vitamins (where known). Mineral and trace eleents Ca, P, Mg, Mn Fe, Cu, I, F, Zn, Se, and other trace elements; role of trace elements in enzyme functions. Energy metabolism energy requiremnet and energy expenditure, obesity basal metabolie rate, specific dynamic action of foods, measurement of energy metabolism, respiratory quotient. Protein energy malnutrition kwashiorkor, marasmus and their manageent. Balanced diet diet in altered physiological conditions, pregnant and lactating mothers, growing children and elderly persons. Dietary management of diseases such as diabetes mellitus, gout, atherosclerosis, obesity, jaundice and other livr diseases, mental illness and cancer. Assessment of nutritional status of a population, nutritional problems of Bangladesh and their possible remedies. Back to top |
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| Biochem 410 Practical 2 Unit | ||
| Group
I : Environment and Molecuiar Biology Isolation of DNA from plant tissue. Isolationof plasmid DNA Agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA. Isolation of bacteriophage. Isolation of microbes from natural habitats, antibiotic resistance organisms. Determinationof biological and chemical oxygen demand (BOD, COD) of different water samples. Determination of bacterial load from different environmental samples. Isolatin of lactose fermenting bacteria. PCR/Restricationdigestion of genomic DNA. Group II : Biochemical Techniques SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rat liver proteins. TLC of fruit juices Gel filtration chromatography for separation of known proteins Ion exchange chromatography of known proteins and checking for separation by gel electrophoresis. Group III : Pharmaceuties Estimationof streptomycin Estimation of serum Vitamin A Analysis of food stuff-estiationof moisture, protein, fat, and ash content. Determination of antibacterial activity of plant extracts. Group IV : Cellular and Clinical Immunology Identificaiton of blood groups Collection of serum and plasma Total and differential white cell counts Separation of blood leucocytes Determination of cell viability Demonstration of phagocytosis by neutrophils Determination of ESR ELISA for detection of HBsAg Indirect haemagglutination test-detection of TPHA and HCG. Single radial immunodiffusion. Assignment : Out of 200 marks of this course, 20 marks are allotted for an assignment. In this, every student will be required to participate in two weeks practical training/orientation course during the summer vacation in pharmaceutical, clinical and research establishments and submit a short report. Back to top |
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| Biochem 411 : Viva Voce ˝ Unit | ||
Copyright© Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. |
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