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	DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
First Year Syllabus DU
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^{Biochem 101: Biophysical Chemistry, 1 Unit}
^{Thermodynamics : First law}
^{Introduction : Definitions, nature of heat and work, PV work, maximum work, first law of thermodynamics : internal energy, enthalpy, molar heat capacities, isothermal and adiabatic expansion.}
^{Thermochemistry :}
^{Exothermic and endothermic reactions, standard enthalpy of formation, thermochemical equations, reaction enthalpy : dependence on temperature, standard enthalpy of formation, hess’s law and its applications, bond energies.}
^{Thermodynamics : Second law}
^{Thermodynamic reversibility and irreversibility, spontaneous processes, entropy, thermodynamic efficiency and Carnot’s theorem, statements of second law, entropy changes : phase transition, heating, irreversible processes. Free energy : variation with temperature and pressure Gibbs-Helmholtz equation, Clapeyron-Clausius equation Applications of thermodynamics in biochemistry Biochemical relevance of classical thermodynamics open systems, high energy compounds.} Back to top
^{The phase rule, phase diagram of water :}
^{The gaseous state, the kinetic theory :}
^{The gas laws ; the ideal gas equation, Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of partial pressures, Grahman’s law of diffusion and effusion. The kinetic theory of gases ; the model, the kinetic gas equation, kinetic energy and temperature, derivation of gas laws.}
^{Solution of nonelectrolytes :}
^{Introduction, definition, concentration units, partial molar quantities, chemical potential, raoult’s law, Henery’s law, Real solutions : activity and activity coefficient, colligative properties : osmotic pressure, semipermeable membranes, determination of osmotic pressure, isotonic solutions, determination of molecular weight.}
^{The Liquids :}
^{Introduction : the kinetic molecular description, intermolecular forces in liquids, surface tension, viscosity and diffusion as properties of liquids.}
^{Chemical equilibrium :}
^{The nature of chemical equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, relationship between <G and Keq, effect of temperature and pressure, Le Chattelier principle, equilibrium reaction involving protons, coupling of reactions.} Back to top
^{Acids and bases :}
^{Bronsted_Lowry concept, Lewis concept, strengths of acids, pH, buffer solutions Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, acid-base indicators, acid-base titration, choice of a suitable indicator, salt hydrolysis.}
^{Distribution law :}
^{Introduction, Nernst’s distribution law, solubility and distribution law, distribution law and molecular state, Herry’s law, determination and equilibrium constant, solvent extraction, multiple extraction.}
^{Spectrophotometry :}
^{Beer-Lambert law, standard curves, working principle of a spectrophotometer.}
^{Chemical Kinetics :}
^{Definition, reaction rate, rate laws, zero, first and second order reactions, molecularly of a reaction, pseudo first order reaction, half life, determination of order and rate constant, effect of temperature on reaction rates. Theories reaction rates : The collision theory, the activated complex theory; The collision theory, the activated complex theory ; Catalysis : Definition, types, characteristics of catalysts, activation energy and catalysis.} Back to top
^{Biochem 101 : Bioorganic Chemistry, 1 Unit}
^{Chemical bonding :}
^{Covalent bond, ionic bond, hybrid orbital, polarity of bonds, electronegativity, dipole moment, potential curve, weak bonds, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. Intermolecular forces, boiling point, melting point, solubility.}
^{Methane :}
^{Structure, physical and chemical properties}
^{Alkanes :}
^{Occurrence, structure, nomenclature, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, free radical substitution, stability of free radicals, hologenation.}
^{Stereochemistry and Steroisomerism :}
^{Enantiomers, polarimeter, plane polarised light and optical activity, diastereomers, racemic modification, meso structures.}
^{Alkyl halides :}
^{Nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2 reactions, carbocations, carbocation rearrangement, E1 and E2 elimination reactions, Grignard reagents and the organometallic compounds.} Back to top
^{Alkenes and alkynes :}
^{Occurrence, structure, nomenclature, synthesis, physical and chemical properties including electrophilic addition and free radical reactions, poymerisations free radical halogenation of alkenes, allylic rearrangement, stability of allylic radical.}
^{Alcohols, ethers, epoxides and diols :}
^{Occurence, nomenclature, structure, synthesis, physical and chemical properties and uses.}
^{Dienes :}
^{Structure and properties of 1.3 butadiene, addition reactions, polymerisation, Diels-Alder and other reactions of dienes.}
^{Aromaticity :}
^{Sturcture of benzene, sources of aromatic hydrocarbons, industrially important aromastic compounds, nomenclature of benzene derivatives, electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution, chemistry of aromatic-aliphatic compounds.}
^{Aldehydes and ketones :}
^{Nomenclature, synthesis, nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction, oxidation reduction of carbony1 compounds, haloform reaction, enolisation in biological system, a-halo- carbony1 compounds, aldol condensation, benzoin condensation, claisen condensation, crossed aldol and crossed claisen condensation.} Back to top
^{Carboxylic acids and their derivatives :}
^{Nomenclature, synthesis, classification, properties, reactions, uses decarboxylation reaction, dicarboxylic acids, esters.}
^{Nitro-compounds and amines :}
^{Occurrence, nomenclature, synthesis, classification, properties, reactions, uses, diazonium compounds.}
^{Phenols :}
^{Occurrence, nomenclature, synthesis, properties and reactions, polyhydric phenols.}
^{Biochem 103 : Introductory Biochemistry, 1 Unit}
^{History, scope and future of biochemistry.}
^{Concept of life and living processes, the identifying characteistics of a living matter.}
^{The cell and its evolution,}
^{from molecules to the first cell, from procaryotes to eucaryotes, structure and function of sub-cellular organelles, their isolation and identification, brief treatment of meiosis and mitosis.} Back to top
^{Biomolecules :}
^{Carbohydrates :}
^{biological functions of carbohydrates, classification and nomenclature, optical properties, ring strcture of common mono-saccharides, proof of ring structure of glucose, mutarotationof glucose, general properties and colour test of reducing sugars, important derivatives of monosaccharides, sugar acids.}
^{Disaccharides :}
^{Maltose, lactose, sucrose and other disaceharides,.}
^{Polysaccharides :}
^{Storage and structural polysaccharides, structures and functions of starch, glycogen and cellulo e, other polysaccharides of iological interests : structure & their functions.}
^{Lipids :}
^{nomenclature, classification, general reactions of fats, fatty acids, and sterol, structure and biological functions of different classes of lipids, isolation of cholesterol and phospholipids fromnatural sources.} Back to top
^{Amino acids and peptides :}
^{Structural features, optical activity, classification, physicochemical properties of amino acids and peptides.}
^{Proteins :}
^{general introduction to proteins, classification of proteins based on biological functions, shape and structure, isolation, and purification, primary structure of proteins, sequence determination of insulin, sequence homology of homologous proteins, denaturation of proteins.}
^{Fibrous proteins :}
^{Secondary structures of proteins, protein conformation, alpha-keratins, X-ray analysis of keratin, planar peptide bonds, alphahelix, helix forming and destabilizing amino acids, the insolubility of alpha-karatins, beta-kerating : conformation and structure, structures of collagen and elastin, filamentous proteins : actin, myosin and microtubules.}
^{Globular proteins :}
^{Tertiary structures of proteins : distinctive tertiary structures of myoglobin, and ribonuclease, renaturation of unfolded and denatured ribonucleases, factors maintaining the tertiary structure of globular proteins, oxygen-binding curves of haemoglobin and myoglobin, the cooperative binding of oxygen by haemoglobin, factors contri buting to oxygen saturation curve of haemoglobin, sickle-cell anaemia and its relation to haemoglobin.} Back to top
^{Protein purification and characterisation :}
^{dialysis and ultrafiltration, density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration, isoelectric precipitation, solvent fractionation, salting in and salting out of proteins, electrophoresis ion-exchange chromatography, selective adsorptio, affinity chromatography, minimum molecular weight determination, osmotic pressure measurements, sedimentation analysis, light scattering.} Back to Syllabus Index
^{Nucleosides and nucleotides :}
^{occurrence, structure, synthesis, physicochemical properties.}
^{Biochem 104 : Practical, 1 Unit}
^{1. Use of analytical balance. 2. Preparation of standard solutions 3. Standardisationof HCI. 4. Estimation of acetic acid content of vinegar 5. Estimation of calcium by the permanganate method. 6. Estimation of iron content of Mohr’s salt by the dichromate method. 7. Estimation of copper by iodometry. 8. Estimation of ascorbic acid content of biological samples. 9. Identification of organic compounds and colour tests for biomolecules. 10. Determination of saponification number of fat or oil. 11. Determination of iodine number of fat or oil. 12. Determination of lactose content of milk. 13. Separation of amino acid mixture by paper chromatography. 14. Preparation of buffer and determination of pk of acetic acid} Back to top
Biochem 105 : Viva-Voce
BOTANY
Bot. 001 : Diversities in Plant Kingdom and Plant physilogy, 1 Unit
Diversities in Plant Kingdom
What is diversity ? Plants through geological history (Plants of the past and presnet). Classification systems of plant kingdom. Major characteristic features of the major Plan Division. Morphology, ecology, distribution, adaptation and methods of reproduction of the following plant groups : Prokaryotes,algae,fungi and lichens,bryophytes,Pteridophytes,Gymnosperms,Angiosperms with typical examples from each group.
Phytoplankton and benthic along (freshwater to marine) and their importance.
Importance of the microbes (biological and industrial).
Plants and Environments :
Plant diversity in relation to environmental factors, e.g., light, temperature, water, habitats, atmospherie gases, seasonal changes and natural catastrophe.
Plant pathology :
Definition of disease in plants; causes of plant disease, how do plant pathogens cause disease in plants; kinds and amount of losses owing to plant diseases; study of some common plant diseases caused by plant viruses (Tungro disease of rice and tobacco mosaic disease), bacteria (bacterial blight of rice and soft rot of potato) and fungi (blast disease of rice ; late blight of potato, powdery mildew of cucarbits, stemrust of wheat and red rot of sugar cane) ; use of Koch’s postulates in the diagnosis of plant diseases; plant disease control through cultural and chemical methods. Back to top
Plant Physiology :
Mineral nutrition of plants; role and deficiency symptoms of essential elements
Photosynthesis :
a) The light reaction phasetransformation of light energy into chemical energy in plastids. b) The chemical reaction phase; different kinds of chemical reactions c3, c4 and CAM pathways. c) The importance of ph otosynthesis for the existence of the biological world.
Respiration :
Mechanism of aerobic and anaerobic respiration, Glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and Electron Transport system.
Nitrogen metabolism :
a) The nitrogen fixation the physical and biolog cal nitrogen fixation b) The nitrogen cycle.
Plant growth regulating substances. Classification : examples and physiological effects; importance of growth regulators in the growth and development of plants and plant parts.
Physiology of flowering :
a) Photoperiodism : role of phytochrome, light and dark periods b) Vernalization : role of low temperature with special reference to winter wheat. Back to top
Practical
Diversities in plant kingdom
At the beginning all the students should be taken outside the department to study the plant in nature 9algae to angiosperms) within/around the Curzon Hall Campus: They will see plants adapted to different habitats and identify herbs, shrubs, tree climbers, empiphytes, sub-arial, terrestrial, aquatic plants, etc. in the field by naked eyes; they will also bring water and soil samples to the laboratory to see what organisms are present. Study of phytoplankton (both fresh water and marine) at least one or two examples from Cyanophyceae, volvocales, chlorococcales, Desmidiales, diatoms euglenales and dinoflagellates.
Study of algae,
Aquatic - Ulothrix, Oedoqonium, cladophora, stigeoelonium, chara Nitella, Sagassum, Polysiphonia. Terrstial Fritschiella, Vancheriah Botrydium, Nastoc, Subaerial Trentipohlia, Sevtonema.
Study of fuugi :
Synchytrium, Saproleqniah, Achlva, Saccharomyees, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Ascobolus, Agaricus/ Lepiota, Ganoderma Polyporus.
Study of lichens :
Crustose, folise and fruiticose types .
Study of hepatics :
Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros (habit, details of thallas and sex organs).
Study of moss :
habit and details of the gametopytes (male and female and sporophytes).
Study of ferns :
a typical fern plant with sori and its prothallus with sex organs and an aquatic fern.
Study of non-fern pteridophytes :
Equisetum, Selaginella, Marsilea and Isoetes. Back to top
Study of Gymnosperms :
Cyeas, Pinus and Guetum with cones (I.S.)
Study of angiosperms :
(a) herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, epiphytes, sciophytes, heliophytes (b) differences between dicot and monocot leaves and flowers; stems and leaves (c) Study of the families poaceae (Gramineae). Orchidaceae, Nymphaceae. Leguminosae and compositae.
Study of plant disease covered in the theory course and fungi causing damage to food stuff, leather and cotton fabrics. To demonstrate the culturing of fungi and preparation of Bordeaux mixture.
Plant Physiology
Experiment to demonstrate the effect of different intensities of light on the rate of photosynthesis.
Experiment to demonstrate that starch grains are formed on the chlorophyllous portion of leaf, by using cassava leaf.
Experiment to prove that light and CO_{2 are essential for photosynthesis.}
Transeverse sections of C3 and C4 plant leaves to identify kranz Anatomy of C4 plants leaves.
Experiments of demonstrate presence of nodules in the roots of leguminons plant; section and macerntionof nodules and to observe nodules forming bacter’a and bacteroids.
Experiments to demonstrate rise in temperature during respiration using germinating seeds and young flower buds. Back to top
Experiments with germinating seeds to show evolution of CO2, during respiration.
Experiment to show apical dominance due to auxins, and removal of the same triggering axillary shoot growth using Coleus or Tagetum plants. Experiments to show increase of internodal length through applicationof gibberelic acid and suppression of the same by trieodo benzoic acid and cycocel. To demonstrate the herbicidal effect of 2, 4-dicholorophenoxy acetic acid on dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. To observe short day long day and day neutral plants at different seasons and to record the names of plants. Experiment to observe the effect of break of dark period on flowering of short day pants. To observe simple starch, compound starch and insulin. Back to Syllabus Index
Zoology
Zool.001, Animal Diversity Non-Chordata, Chordata and Wildlife Biology, 1 Unit
Non-Chordata
Classification : Unless otherwise stated, broad classification of each phylun upto orders with special reference to local forms, their affinities and economic importance. Type study : detailed type study including morphology, physiology, biology, reproduction , life history, etc. of the following. Protozoa : Paramecium and Entamoeba Porifera : Sycon Coelenterata : Obelia : Cora reefs, its type and formation. Platyhelminthes : Taenia Nematode : Offurrence of nematode with special reference to root nematode, type. study of Tylenchus (a root nematode). Annelida : General Characters of difference classes or annelids, Type study of Apis and its social behaviour Life-cycle of a jute hairy caterpillar, a pulse beetle and a rice hispa. Phytophagous insects and insect-plant relationship. Mollsuca : General characters of different molluscan classes, type study of pila. Echiondermata : General idea about the different groups of animal under minor phyla. Hemichordata : General characters and affinities Back to top
Chordata :
Classification : Broad classification of each class upto orders with special reference to local forms and their economic importance. Type study : Detailed type study including morphology : internal anatomy skeletal, digestive, repiratory circulatory, excretory, nervous and reproductive systems ; habit and habitat ; food and feeding habits and distribution of the following : Urochordata : Ascidia : Development and metamorphosis. Cephalochordata : Branchisostoma. Cyclostomata : General characters and breeding behaviour of petromyzon. Chondrichthyes : Scoliodon Oestetchthyses : General characters, General idea about fossil fishes, primitive and modern fishes, lung fishes, etc. Amphibia : General characters and classification upto orders including fossil amphibians. Reptilia : Type study of Lacerta, General idea about dinosaurs. Aves : Generalidea about flight and flightless birds, flight adaptation and feather types Type V.C. study of Columba. Mammalia : Cavia. Wildlife biology : Introduction to the wildlife and broad classificationof wildlife of Bangladesh. Wildlife preservationand its importance in Bangladesh. Wildlife preservation order of 1973. Back to top
Physics:
PH 12 : Properties of matter, ½ Unit
i))Intermolecular forces, ionic forces, valence and van der Wals forces. ii) Elasticity : elastic properties of matter, Hooke’s Law, elastic moduli and their relations, bending of beams and torsion. iii) Surface tension : Melecular theory of surface tension, capillary rise, surface tension of mercury. iv) Viscosity ; Newtonian viscosity, poiseuille’s formula. v) Fluid dynamics : stream line flow, bernouli’s theorem : applications.
PH 131 : Electricity and magnetism,
i)Atomic consitution : concept of charge ; charge of the electron; electric field, electric potential; Gauss’s Law ; Poisson equation ; problems on calculationof electric field; electric screenings; energy of an electric dipole. ii)Dielectrics ; capacity; coefficients of potential, capacity and induction. electric screenings; energy of an electric field. iii) Direct current : electromotive force : Ohms Law : Kirchhoffs laws ; galvanometer, (dead beat and ballistic), ammeter and voltmeter. iv) Magnetic field produced bya current; Ampere’s law, Biot Savart’s Law, vector potential; simple problems. Faraday’s law of induction ; self inductance and mutual inductance; simple problem. Back to top
Mathematics
MATH 104 : Calculus II, ½ Unit
^{_{Integrals : Indefinite integral as antiderivative. Change of variables in indefinite integrals, the definite interal, properties of definite integral, the fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus. Reduction formulae (both indefinite and definite). Applications of Definite Integral : Area, arclength, volume and surface of revolution (both Cartestan and polar curves). Improper integrals : Beta dn Gamma functions. Evaluation : Final exam (Theory, 3 hours) : 50 marks. SIX questions will be set, of which any four are to be answered.}}
MATH 153 :calculus : I, ½ Unit
^{_{Real-valued functions, limit and continuity of functions of one variable. Derivative and differential, geometeric interpretation of the derivative, differentiation formulas, the chain rule, implieit and parametric differentiation. Higher order derivatives, Leibnitz’s theorem. Increasing and decreasing functions, extrema of functions, convayity, Rolle’s and mean value theorems. Applications of the theoryof extrema; velocity and accleration, related rates. The antiderivatives (indefinite integral), elementary integration formulas, integration by parts, integration by subtitution, intergration of rational functions. The definite integral : properties of definite integrals, evaluation of definite integrals. The fundamental theorem of calculus, simple reduction formulas. Indeterminate forms, infinite limits, improper iategrals. Back to top}}
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